A global snapshot of solid waste management to 2050 captures the latest trends in waste management. Niua would like to acknowledge their contribution to the extent possible. A case study of bawku municipality nang biyogue douti1, samuel kojo abanyie1, steve ampofo1, senyo komla nyarko2 1faculty of applied sciences, university for development studies, department of earth and environmental sciences, navrongo campus, navrongo, ghana. Solid waste management is a challenge for the cities authorities in developing countries mainly due to the increasing generation of waste, the burden posed on the municipal budget as a result of the high costs associated to its management, the lack of understanding over a diversity of factors that affect the different stages of waste management and linkages necessary to enable the entire. Waste generation is an integral part of ecological cycle. The administration of nonhazardous waste in metropolitan areas is the job of local government authorities. For instance, in ghana, urban domestic waste collection. Waste management the aim of sustainable waste management is to reduce waste formation and to use resources more efficiently and rationally, ensuring that the waste of one sector is used as a raw material in another sector.
Key application areas this documentation targets the limitations and challenges of con. Waste management best practices and their impact on urban. Efficient solid waste management is critical for the health and wellbeing of urban populations 2 solid waste management consists in the control of the generation, collection, storage, transfer. More over house to house collecting solid waste should be. Pdf solid waste management in urban areas of ghana. Municipal solid waste management in the accra metropolitan. For the waste sector in south africa this means care must be given to raw material use, product design, resource efficiency, waste prevention, and minimization where avoidance is impossible. Coupled with weak institutional capacity, and lack of resources, both human and capital, the city authorities face. The jawaharlal nehru national urban renewal mission jnnurm funded 49 swm projects in various cities between 2006 and 2009 moud, 2014. Though, solid waste generated in rural areas is predominantly organic and biodegradable, it is becoming a. The population growth arises the increase of municipal solid waste production in urban areas causing daily hundreds of tons of waste. Every element of ecosystem directly or indirectly produces waste. Waste management practices are not uniform among countries developed and developing nations. Poor solid waste management in urban areas contributes to a significant percentage of global emissions of methane and other short.
Conceptual framework for municipal solid waste management in. Pdf this study was conducted in the bawku municipality of the upper east, ghana, with the view to assessing the factors that impede the. Control measures of urban and industrial wastes with statistics. Pdf questionnaire for solid waste management survey mary. The expansion of waste collection services across rural municipalities should be a priority for many countries. Questionnaires were submitted to 150 randomly selected households, while facetoface.
The main objective of solid waste management is to minimise these adverse effects before it becomes too difficult to rectify in the future. A proper waste management plan for urban areas daily news. If these quantities are added, the solid waste production rate reaches 45 kg per capita per day 100 lb. Indiscriminate disposal of solid wastes, especially of hazardous wastes causes adverse environmental effects. In detail, concepts of waste management and major phases. Section 3 presents a general description of the physical model on which the dss is based, while in section 4, the mathematical model and the optimization problem are presented in detail, specifying the cost function, the decision variables and the problem constraints. This study investigated the solid waste situation and the organisation of solid waste management in both urban and rural settings from the perspective of households. The comparative analysis of solid waste management between rural and urban ghana is largely lacking. Oct 11, 2019 solid waste management practices can differ for residential and industrial producers, for urban and rural areas, and for developed and developing nations. Public awareness should be created especially at primary level. The institutional framework on solid waste management is still in development. Chapter 7 solid waste management solid waste refers here to all nonliquid wastes. Solid waste management is a polite term for garbage management.
A historical backlog of waste services for urban informal areas, tribal areas and rural formal areas. Due to rapid urbanization, economic development and population growth, the waste. Open dumping is the most common waste disposal methods in urban areas oberlin 2011. Current waste generation per capita by income level 10 6. Displaced urban populations are more likely to generate larger volumes of non. The study employed crosssectional survey covering both rural and urban districts in the ashanti and greater accra regions of. With peoples awareness of environmental protection increasing, the urban solid waste management project has become a focused issue, and beston urban. The manual identifies issues and factors to consider when deciding to build a transfer station, planning and designing it, selecting a site, and involving the community. Sustaining effective solid waste management practices is crucial to both developed and developing countries. With your download, get the 19 best papers relevant to this one, including 19 top related papers. In order to establish effective solid waste management in the affected area the. Solid waste management is one of the major environmental problems facing city municipalities today. The ultimate goals of the best practices are to achieve equitable delivery of solid waste management, ensure urban cleanliness and lower negative environmental and health impacts.
With the advancement in human activities, inventions and discoveries, the quantum of waste generation has gone high. This study was conducted in the bawku municipality of the upper east, ghana, with the view to assessing the factors that impede the management of solid waste. As long as liumans have been living in settled communities, solid waste, or garbage, has been an issue, and modern societies generate far more solid waste than early humans. Indiscriminate disposal of solid waste in dumpsites located within urban areas has proved to be a problem to nearby residents in most developing cities of the world, freetown is no exception. User manual data collection tool for urban solid waste. Comparison of solid waste management practices by income level 5 2. Despite the fact that dumps represent the worstcase scenario in current waste management practices in terms of environmental protection and sustainability, they still occurred across the globe, particularly in periurban and rural. At present, solid waste is the biggest factor to cause the environmental pollution, especially in the urban where it has a larger population and higher consuming level but a weak waste management system.
Typical waste management scheme in eac urban centres source. Waste generation projections for 2025 by region 10 5. Urban waste management issues the conditions, issues and problems of urban waste management in the industrialized and developing worlds are different. Journal of environment pollution and human health, 25, 110117. The model was developed by waste advisers on urban environment and development waste, 2004 and partners or organizations working in developing countries in the mid1980s and further developed by the collaborative working group cwg on solid waste management in the mid1990s anschutz et al. Integrated solid waste management refers to the strategic approach to sustainable management of solid wastes covering all sources and all aspects, covering generation, segregation, transfer, sorting, treatment, recovery and disposal in an integrated manner, with an emphasis on maximizing resource use efficiency. Solid waste management challenges in urban areas of ghana. Solid waste management, the collecting, treating, and disposing of solid material that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no longer useful. Though the developed countries generate larger amounts of wastes, they have developed adequate facilities, competent government institutions and bureaucracies to manage their wastes.
Pdf questionnaire for solid waste management survey. Municipal solid waste is defined to include refuse from households, nonhazardous solid waste from industrial, commercial and institutional establishments including hospitals, market waste, yard waste and street sweepings. Issues and challenges of solid waste management practices. Though, solid waste generated in rural areas is predominantly organic and biodegradable, it is becoming a major problem as the waste generated is not segregated insitu and is of the order of 0. Waste management is one of the most daunting challenges facing modern cities. Waste management is intended to reduce adverse effects of waste on human health, the environment or aesthetics. The authors have worked with numerous systems within these states to collect solid waste generation data, and capital and operating cost data. In many communities, citizens have voiced concerns about solid waste transfer. This scenario is apparently aresult of the exodus of rural people into urban areas in search for job.
Solid waste management in asia as urbanization and economic development increases in asia, nowhere is the impact more obvious than in societys detritus, or solid waste. Solid waste management in african cities east africa. Today, the urban areas of asia produce about 760,000 tonnes of. Waste management in urban centres of east africa has for a long time been centralised liyala 2011, with the useof imported refuse truck rotich et al. In section 2, a brief survey is presented of the main approaches proposed in the literature for solid waste management in urban areas. Municipal solid waste management mswm system in east africa has changed from the colonial days in the 40s, 50s and. The study employed crosssectional survey covering both rural and urban districts in the ashanti and greater accra regions of ghana. Solid waste management in rural areas a stepbystep guide. Chapter 7 solid waste management european commission. Environmental and health impact of solid waste disposal in. The tool is intended for use by consultants, donor organizations, and solid waste staff as a framework for collecting and storing important solid waste data in a consistent manner to support interventions in the sector such as. Guides for municipal solid waste management in pacific countries. To introduce the reader to the solid waste management field, an overview of municipal solid waste problems, sources, collection, resource recovery, and disposal methods are presented in this paper.
Littering of solid waste should prohibited in cities towns and urban areas. Waste management practices, especially the solid waste, differ significantly for developed and developing countries, for urban and rural areas, and for residential, commercial, and industrial producers. Though, solid waste generated in rural areas is predominantly organic and biodegradable, it is becoming a major problem as the waste generated is not. Municipal solid waste management in accra, ghana, is at present delivered in an unsustainable manner. Included in this guidebook is a procedure to evaluate various solid waste management options. As long as liumans have been living in settled communities, solid waste, or garbage, has been an issue, and modern societies generate far more solid waste than early humans ever did. Integrated solid waste management sustainable development. Solid waste can create significant health problems and a very unpleasant living environment if not disposed of safely and. In general this does not include excreta, although sometimes nappies and the faeces of young children may be mixed with solid waste. The main alternatives to treat collected municipal solid waste msw are represented by recycling, treatment in specific plants, and sanitary.
Strategy for environmental, solid waste management, public health and related areas discuss. Urban solid waste management project urban garbage. In kampala city, like other urban centers in uganda, and in most other developing countries, this important service is based on the local governments centralized collection, transportation and disposal strategy. Where intense human activities concentrate, such as in urban centres, appropriate and safe solid waste management swm are of utmost importance to allow.
Solid waste management swm includes all activities that seek to minimize health, environmental, and aesthetic impacts of solid waste. For the waste sector in south africa this means care must be given to. In urban areas, especially in the rapidly urbanizing cities of the developing world, problems and issues of municipal solid waste management mswm are of. Comparative analysis of households solid waste management in. Due to uncontrolled urbanisation, large quantities of waste are generated daily in accra, and this exerts much pressure on an over strained solid waste management system. Therefore, addressing global solid waste management challenges offer a range of co. Mswm encompasses the functions of collection, transfer, treatment, recycling. Pdf ineffective solid waste management remains a major challenge to many developing economies, ghana inclusive. Solid waste management in rural areas introduction the domestic waste generated in rural households of india is increasingly becoming an issue of serious concern. It is estimated that the amount of solid waste per capita is around 500 kilograms per year. Informal solid waste recycling is increasingly becoming evident and becoming part of the urban landscape. Jun 16, 2017 at present, although there are solid waste management systems in the cities in urban areas, 90 percent of the waste generated is disposed into the dumping areas illegally. Solid waste management in urban areas development and.
Comparative analysis of households solid waste management. Different technical and social innovations may be required for solid waste management sector in large cities and rural areas as particular geographical regions. Solid waste management challenges for cities in developing. Due to the lack of collecting vehicles and political interference, the authorities concerned do not properly pick up waste throughout the country. Healthy cities healthy islands document series, no 6. The world bank s waste management engagement spans multiple development areas, including energy, environmental sustainability, food and agriculture, health and population, social protection, transportation, urban development. At present, although there are solid waste management systems in the cities in urban areas, 90 percent of the waste generated is disposed into the dumping areas illegally. Solidwaste management, the collecting, treating, and disposing of solid material that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no longer useful. Section 3 presents a general description of the physical model on which the dss is based, while in section 4, the mathematical model and the optimization problem are presented in detail, specifying the cost.
It defines solid waste management as the process of collecting, storing, treatment and disposal of solid wastes in such a way that they are harmless to humans, plants, animals, the ecology and the environment generally. Read this article to learn about types, sources, effects and methods of solid waste management. The improvement of people and private sector through ngos could improve the efficiency of solid waste management. Urban solid waste management in lowincome countries.
This book intends to draw attention to solid waste management sector toward rural areas where bad practices and public health threats could be avoided through traditional and integrated waste management routes. Pdf solid waste management challenges in urban areas of. Issues and challenges of solid waste management practices in. Waste management is a problem in rapidly growing urban centres in developing countries.
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